Most visitors that want to go after bottom fish, such as halibut, will use a guided charter boat. Few visitors will have their own boat to go out where the halibut hang out. Any of the sea coast towns such as Valdez, Homer, etc. will have available such operators.
For salmon check out the historic data of past runs such as
www.alaskaoutdoorjournal.com Few fisherman seem to use the guides for most species of salmon as they can be caught off the shore. Drift boats for kings are popular on the Kenai River, guides available in both Kenai and Soldotna areas. Some guided boats that fish salt water salmon off shore of Deep Creek and that area.
The best salmon fishing I have ever had was on the island of Kodiak, flew to Kodiak, then took a small plane to the village of Karluk and stayed most of a week. A local family ran a B&B operation that worked well.
Many of the rivers in the Dillingham area, the Illiamna Lake region offer fly out guide/lodging services out of Anchorage and out of the Kenai or out of Dillingham itself. Rust's Flying service on Lake Hood in Spenard are a reputable flying service, as are others there on the lake.
Most fishing gear suitable for large mouth bass, will work for most salmon. The halibut charters will furnish gear. For kings a bit heavier rod and line is needed. Any of the Alaska sporting goods stores will have knowledgeable clerks. I especially like the offerings at the Fred Meyer store in Soldotna, as well as the hardware store on the right side of the high way just before the Kenai bridge in Soldotna, south bound.
The Mat Su Valley will have some fun fishing as well, and places to camp. Some of the forum members like to fish in the Copper Valley area. Charters and camping there as well.
Get a copy of the Alaska fishing regulations and read them well. They are probably the most complicated regs of any state where I have ever fished. I also carry a small pocket GPS, Garmin, to help me locate the land marks mentioned. I have heard it said that every third fisherman you see on the streams is actually a Fish and Game officer and I wouldn't doubt it one bit.
They are really serious about enforcement of the regs.
Maybe someone can pull up some of the past conversations on the subject of fishing from the forum. A popular subject for sure.
There are many good books about fishing in Alaska (applies as well to Northern Canada) available at most book sellers, Amazon, Barnes and Nobel, etc. I like Fishing the Alaska Hwy, Fishing the Kenai, Fishing Alaska,Alaska Fishing Guide, and there are others. I suspect I have close to a dozen different books on the subject.