Our ladder looks like the pic I linked above. The "goose-neck" fastens to the roof, the bottom, below the lowest step, fastens to the back wall, then there are two more supports on each side between roof and bottom. I suspect the roof and the bottom of the wall support most of the load.
I checked and our ladder rails are made of 1.0" anodized aluminum tubing. The bow rail and both Bimini tops on our boat are made of 7/8" tubing, so you'd want to see if a boat shop can also form 1-inch tubing. They probably have some kind of bender or jig, so you'd need to know if it works with the larger size. Replacement Rungs are no doubt meant to work with 1" rails, so they'd wobble on 7/8" rails.
Each of our mounting pads is oblong, about the size of a business card with rounded ends. Those pads have one hole on each end, and it's secured with phillips head screws.
You should try to see if a replacement ladder can mount to your existing holes, or you can change the mounting pads, or you know there's material behind that outer skin that'll actually hold screws or other fasteners to handle the load.