There was no specific year it was required (and in reality, it still isn't). From around the year 2007 some manufacturers started using DEF technology to meet new emissions requirements. The fed requirements are purely for emissions levels and not for a method of achieving them. Cummins for example was able to meet some requirements without using active EGR and then DEF while others had to use them in order to meet the same standards. Later the levels got even more stringent so Cummins was forced to use those technologies.
But it would not be accurate to say that all diesel engines of 07 or 08 used DEF though that's the time it started being common.
Is that clear as mud? ;)