Interesting that T18skyguy mentioned Nickle being removed from the manifold's cast iron as a cause of warping. The machine shop guy said the exact same thing when I dropped the manifold off for surfacing. He felt I probably would not have a repeat as after being exposed to heat for long periods of time the iron becomes "seasoned" and far more stable and less prone for any further warping. He claimed he's rarely had a manifold return for a second surfacing (that he was aware of) and with engines lasting longer now he feels he would have likely seen that. Also want to add I was apparently extremely lucky that of the two broken studs, one was broken about 3/8" outside the mating surface and was easily remover by fingers! I only have one to drill out today. Seven other studs spun right out by fingers after breaking them free! Only one stud stayed in the head with the nut coming of by ratchet. probably should go pick up a few lotto tickets.