I remember years back working at Ford Dealership in the service dept.
They actually had an write up on what things cost you MPG , started out #1 was driver and went from there.
But remember on the testing they did was using a stock 2 wheel drive reg cab long bed truck ,several runs to get a base MPG at a certain speed 58 MPH.
Then they added a bug shield , dropped .5 MPG , then towing mirrors dropped another 1. MPG , then running boards dropped another 1.5MPG , a sun-visor above the windshield another 1.2 MPG side window visors .3 MPG and so on.
By the time they had all the add-ons it was costing close to 6 MPG !