If you look up the NEC (which can be accessed for free from the NFPA web site, though it's a pain and requires signing up and stuff), they have tables of the allowable fill factors for conduit based on the number of wires and the number of current carrying conductors and the wire sizes and stuff. My gut feeling is that 1" should be fine.
Double-pole GFCI breakers are not inexpensive. Having one would not be at all a terrible idea, but is not required by code and most would not bother (as most campgrounds likewise do not bother). I would suggest thinking about a disconnect switch, perhaps inside the garage, so you don't have to use the breaker as a switch; or, at the least, looking for a breaker labeled for switching duty ("SWD" I believe). Normal breakers are not really designed for repeatedly being turned on and off.
Be aware that any wires in the exterior box and in any conduit on the exterior need to be rated for wet locations per the NEC. Many of the commonly available wire types for individual wires meet this requirement, so it's not a big difficulty.