Bent leaf spring ?

Might as well put fresh springs all around. Not that big of a deal.

I agree that it looks like the leaf just under the bent one broke off at the clamp and then the top one bent. As suggested match it to another spring to see the difference. I had this happen to me years ago after going over some extreme terrain. I also agree to replace all the springs or at least the other one on the same axle.

Looks like one or two of the leafs broke off just after the band.
How does it compare to the other side?

Yes you need new springs. I suggest replacing all. I also recommend going up in spring rating.
I did mine about two years ago.

That "long thing" is the top layer of my 4 layer leaf spring !! Many trailers have them, although some trailers have torque bars instead.

In my experience the 4 layers are always curved together in the same direction, usually concave. If the are convex, I believe it shows considerable overweight of the vehicle.

It's a bit difficult to tell from the picture ..you mean that long thing sticking out the left side?