" These calibration tools can cost tens of thousands of $$ each"
I got mine at at garage sale for eighty-seven-thousand-seven-hundred-dollars. a bid. It is the size of an old obsolete 23" television. It itself is calibrated by using N.I.S.T certification resistors one, ten, one hundred and 10K ohms. Interesting devices, the test probes, and connectors are gold clad. Products of Sandia National Laboratories. Using this stuff teaches the meaning of the word "Null" in a hurry :)
PS: A handheld nickel and dime "scope meter" has obsoleted the monster. I loaned this thing out back in 1997 and have never seen it nor the borrower since.
TIP: And it's a good one. A decent 4-3/4 digit DMM offers accuracy good enough even for technicians. These critters are getting less and less expensive.