at least on my two trailers the drum brakes are a leading shoe design just like cars with drum brakes. The design is such that going forward as the front shoe starts to hit the drum it applies leverage to the pivot point giving "positive feedback" through the leverage to help increase force on the shoes against the drum. going backwards you don't get the leverage due to the rotation direction. so braking action in reverse takes more force for the same shoe force on the drum. Brake will work in reverse but may take more distance to apply force and may not be able to get the same total force.
Ever notice on cars with drum brakes for e brake that it is easy to apply the brake to keep the vehicle from going forward, but reverse takes more force or it may roll a short distance before the brakes take hold?
BTW lots of vehicles today with 4 wheel disk brakes still use a pair of drum brakes for the e brake.