"its done with math comparing power in to power out, and adjusting the output voltage"
I find with my MPPT controller that output voltage is the battery voltage (which the controller cannot adjust AFAIK)
In Bulk, "panel" or "array" voltage is the Vmp of the panel and is adjusted by the controller ("Tracking")
I do not understand what is going on with 2oldman's array for displayed input voltage while in Bulk, where there are mixed panels in series.
How can the controller keep each panel at its individual Vmp? If the total input voltages is the sum of the different Vmps, what is keeping each panel at its Vmp?
I think the "balancing" that happens in Float is where "demand" at the output has an effect on what the MPPT buck converter does for input. But the topic is about when in Bulk.