IMHO the bottom line is not the discipline(s) needed to engineer a 12-volt system, it's the relevance of the product versus the cost. A 12-volt system is the least of the hurdle, the real question arises when a person inquires "How am I going to feed this?"
I have a 10.7 EER LG 5,000 BTU window unit acting as a bedside night stand in Quicksilver. It manages to reduce night time temperature from 85 to 78 but more importantly, it reduces humidity from the high eighties to the low sixties. The bedroom door is insulated as are the windows, ceiling, floor and walls.
Solar for this system alone would cost more than a top quality generator and a couple years of fuel full-time boondocking (9-hours use per night). Add the price differential between the 12-volt and 120 volt system, and things really get out of hand. And yes, a person can configure and install a "hard-start" booster inside a window air conditioner.