I agree. Those hoses are designed to withstand all the pressure. Now whether the cheap aftermarket hoses you've been installing are built to that specification, that's another matter altogether. Cheap aftermarket, because that's all there is for your 20-model-year-old-in-another-month truck. OEM hoses were likely discontinued 10 years ago.
The pressure in the hoses is proportional to the pressure you put on the pedal. You would have to be pushing on the pedal like an 800lb gorilla to have the slightest hope of bursting a brake hose. I'm not sure the master cylinder can even produce that much pressure. I'd like to think you'd have noticed something like that though, and mentioned it in your post.
In other words, if the trailer brakes were not "sharing the load" you would have to be pushing on the truck brakes harder than normal to stop, VERY hard, in fact. You'd notice that, though with a ~5000lb-ish trailer behind that truck it should have more than adequate brakes on the truck alone to stop the whole rig.
Brakes work by converting motion into heat, so everything is going to get hot including the brake fluid. So the brake fluid being hot may not mean anything.
A hung caliper that is causing burst hoses is going to be literally SMOKIN' HOT. Uncomfortable to get within a few inches of. Again, something I'd hope you would have noticed at the time and mentioned in your post.
Bad batch of hoses is where my money is. If they all came from the same parts supplier...