"CEL = Check Engine Light. Its a fault indicator that something in the emissions system is faulting."
Or engine, or transmission, or other electronic components.
Generally mechanical or hard part issues or failures don't trigger a CEL unless there is a sensor or another component that reads, uses or records data or conditions that the hard part is affecting.
IE: A bad belt driven power steering pump will for the most part not trigger a CEL. But if it's also a hydroboost pump for the brakes and the brake system detects a fault, it could throw a code, but that code may only be a clue as to the actual problem.
Biggest problem (although it's never changed, there always has and always will be competent and incompetent people in every line of work) is those that assume or believe that codes and CELs have replaced cognitive diagnosis needs. They haven't. They just warn or help diagnose issues that can't be ascertained by mechanical means.