My 2005 F250 w/ 6.0 PSD did well. It was replaced after 10 years only because I needed more payload. I went with the Ram this time due to the deal I could swing, otherwise I would most likely be driving a F550 w/ 6.7 PSD now.
As others pointed out, proper maintenance and experienced mechanics are the key to any diesel's longevity but especially this one. I have also noticed that the ones that got worked as a truck had less problems than ones used as a commuter car. My trucks have been dedicated for hauling or towing and I have other vehicles to use for shopping, cruising or commuting.
I averaged 1000 miles per month with either a 19.5k lb GCW or a 11.5K lb GVW and rarely ever ran the truck at its empty weight of 7.25K lbs.