As you can see, we RVers are all over the map on this one. Personally, I learned on this forum a decade ago to use bumper-to-ball length with TTs, because it seemed like most people on the forum at that time used that measurement. Plenty have come and gone since then. Not sure, but it seemed at the time that the TT mfrs tended to state length as bumper-to-ball also, perhaps as a marketing tool... you know, making the trailer sound as big as possible. But in the years since, I think many mfrs have switched their model numbers to more closely match the box sizes.
But cargo trailers traditionally go by box size (generally excluding any V-nose).