I would guess your fan clutch isn't working. If it came on you would have heard it. They are quite loud.
The two times I had overheating issues were due to bad fan clutches on my previous truck.
I tow a 37ft 5th that weighs in at 15,000lbs. I have an 2007 duramax/allison. On a 6% long grade the temp will go up slightly and the fan clutch kicks on (sounds like the engine is over revving). The temp never gets high enough to worry about.
You have some sort of problem. I would check for blockage of the cooling fins and check the fan clutch is operating. Mine usually comes on first thing in the morning when I start the truck and pull away from the curb. It shuts off within a minute.