I have a Edge CTS on my 2012 Duramax so I see all this stuff. Current LML Duramax initiates Regen when soot grams hits right around 43g and will continue the regen process until it drops down to anywhere from 0-6g of soot. Soot grams is based on differential pressure sensors in the DPF as explained previously.
Without a CTS the only way to identify the truck is in regen is elevated idle, louder engine (due to 9th injector), or DPF smell when exiting the truck.
If you have to stop mid way in a regen cycle it will pick back up where it left off. However the more stops the longer its going to take to complete as it has to build the heat back up each time.
GM designed the regen process so that it would be invisible to the driver. THey did not include any dash messages to indicate to the driver that the truck is in regen.