I'm of the mindset (with non-commercial) that GVWR is the absolute max a vehicle is designed to weigh. Axle weight ratings show what the max load for that axle is.
As an example, wouldn't it make sense that if a truck's RAWR+FAWR=GVWR that the complete truck is designed for GVWR. Whereas if RAWR+FAWR>GVWR than something inbetween the axles is not designed for (full RAWR+FAWR).
Agree with Lawrosa.
Actually the truck maker can use the sum of the GAWRs as the trucks GVWR if he so chooses. The truck is designed around the GAWR's.
Some of the newer trucks GVWR is within 200-300 lbs of the sum of the axle rating. And some of the new trucks with the higher GVWR will over load by using GVWR to determine a payload.
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Having towed commercially for over 800k+ miles with mostly one ton DRW trucks operating in the 26000K-32000K combined I've never heard of private trucks come under a different size and weight regulations till I became a RV.net member 10+ years ago so..... I asked my state DOT about it. He gave me the deer in the head light stare and said all vehicle on the road come under just one size and weight reg.
A private use truck doesn't have to declare a GCW operating range or HOS or IFT or many other commercial requirements. But they do have the same axle/tire load limits. Tires are required per the FMVSS to meet or exceed the vehicles highest GAWR. DOT can take the lessor of the two.
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FHWA....Questions and Answers about Vehicle Size and Weight
23 CFR 658.5 Definitions
Q.. Are recreational vehicles subject to Interstate axle weight limits?
A. Yes.
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Q.. Are recreational vehicles required to stop at State scale sites?
A. Each State may set its own requirements.