Adding power with a tuner can also increase fuel economy IF you can keep from using that added power. I have over 10k of before a tune and 10k after a tune mileage records to prove that. Went from a 14.5 mph average to a 17 mpg average(keep in mind a have large aggressive tires and the spped limit here is 75-80 mph). Of course the tune reduced the EGR usage and increased my DEF usage as a way to reduce the NOx. This allowed for higher combustion temps which results in greater efficiency.
With a diesel, it is not just about how much fuel you add since diesels can run really lean. Air and timing plays a big part in as well so 100 hp worth of fuel in one engine may not be the same amount used to make 100 hp in another. You can have two diesel engines of the same displacement making 100 hp, but using different amount of fuel to make that 100 hp.
Engine A may have lower fuel pressures making the drops of fuel injected much bigger and therefor not being able to burn completely and efficiently requiring more to be used. Engine A may also use a larger turbo made for higher rpm power or a non-VGT turbo causing the engine to not have enough air at lower rpms and run more rich. Engine B on the other hand may have higher fuel pressure allowing for a more complete burn out of every drop of fuel requiring less to be used. It may also have a smaller turbo or a VGT turbo that moves a lot of air at lower rpm allowing the engine to run much leaner at lower rpms making power from more air per drop of fuel than engine A. Both of these engines could make 100 hp, but they will both use different amounts of fuel to make that 100 hp.
I would guarantee that if you put a 12 valve 5.9L and a 24 valve common rail 5.9L up against each other to make 100 hp. The 24 valve would not only require less fuel to achieve that 100 hp, but it will also make it at a lower rpm even though its peak power output is greater than the 12 valve. The 12 valve made 100 hp roughly around 1,400 rpm at a steady state while the 24 valve made 100 hp roughly around 1,100 rpm at a steady state. So just because peak power has increased in a diesel does not mean fuel efficiency has decreased when making the same power as an engine with less peak power. Using that added power is another thing.