While I'm not a "climber", some roads in our "B" will take us well above 10,000'. We live near sea level.
That said, I've always used as a rule of thumb that a 1,000' gain per day is workable. More than that and one needs to make some adjustments to what and how much one does. Descend as rapidly as one wants.
Separately, I've also always used as a rule of thumb that one can adjust to two time zone changes per day when flying. Whenever I've had to go to Europe on business, I've always tried to plan my business activities for Mondays and following, and then I'd travel eastbound on the preceding Friday. Worked for me. Folks could never figure out why I wasn't obviously jetlagged, and I never did tell 'em.
But, back to vertical change. Go too high to fast and trouble - maybe big trouble - could well be in one's future.
Cheers.