I am with Tom Barb on the foundation suggestion here upon a tight 16 day itinerary scenic trip, getting the most out of it without cramming long distance travel and over driving in a short time frame.....
From NorCal it is easily a 2 day to 3 day conservative drive towards the Canadian border on the I-5 corridor with other connecting routes along Washington state, as I have a few other option suggestions as well.....
Note that I am only familiar with some of the routes in southern Canada.... with that in mind - I am sure others will chime in on alternate routes I am not familiar with.....
I have not been in the Osoyoos regional area but have seen pictures to where I want to visit there someday...which I would follow Tom Barb's suggestion to make it the gateway to Canada on this particular trip if the OP's heart is set on seeing the majestic Canadian Rockies !!!!!!.
Upon commuting east on BC 3, you have OPTIONS upon commuting north thru the Kootenays which is SideHillSoup's neck of the woods in southeast BC (which I would consider doing so), or continue farther east on BC 3 towards connecting other roads towards Calgary and such.
SideHillSoup's suggestions are also key on as one post I made in the past on Rosebery Provincial Park where I spent the night (me not knowing the general area) where he posted in detail about the constant shade that place is known for....as I had to walk all the way down to the riverbank the following morning just to get some sun.
Upon practically every portion of travel thru this region of Canada, just remember that you will be surrounded in a national park setting even if you are not within any designated national park boundary, so there are many options of routes to take and enjoy the majestic beauty until you are well east of the rockies.
If wanting to visit the Canadian Rockies bad enough on a 16 day journey, I would option to travel thru the Kootenays from Castlegar to Revelstoke (highways BC 3a, BC 6, and BC 23) as I am only familiar with this route between Revelstoke to New Denver.....
Revelstoke is historic with it's railroad roots and a nice town, real clean too and sits along the Columbia River thats worth a visit should one is heading to the Canadian Rockies...
Fair warning as mentioned before in the past, Trans Canada Highway 1 is a real busy roadway especially when it is a two lane portion as Revelstoke will have lots of semi truck and car traffic running thru there at the junction crossroads where you turn into the main part of town.
If heading north on BC 6 and BC 23 along the way to Revelstoke, there is a free BC ferry which connects you from Galena Bay to Shelter Bay :
September 2012 - Galena Bay terminal :
September 2012 - Shelter Bay terminal :
Once one gets past Yoho National Park and enters Banff National Park crossing into Alberta, stopping at Lake Louise area is a must as one can visit Lake Louise, Moraine Lake, or even perhaps Lake Louise Ski Resort as I did overlooking spectacular views of the Canadian Rockies...
September 2011 - overlooking Lake Louise :
Just outside of Banff is the gondola lift to take one on top of Sulphur Mountain with more spectacular views :
September 2012 - Sulphur Mountain upper terminal :
Not to be missed is the world famous Icefields Parkway where there are a lot of places to stop and see along the way between Lake Louise and Jasper like Bow Lake, Peyto Lake, Mistaya Canyon, Saskatchewan Crossing Trail, Columbia Glacier, Sunwapta Falls, Athabaska Falls off the top of my head there - as the roadway itself is truly scenic period !
September 2011 - Icefields Parkway - Banff National Park :
Spent the night here in cold windy dense fog drizzling weather and woke up to clearer skies with this view.....
September 2013 - Columbia Glacier at Jasper National Park :
Nearby Whistlers Campground and the town of Jasper is the Jasper Aerial Tramway where you can see another amazing view of the Canadian Rockies.....
September 2011 - Whistlers Mountain upper terminal :
If the OP does take on the Canadian Rockies at the four national park region, if ahead or par on the designated 16 day trip, maybe take an additional side trip on Maligne Lake Road in Jasper National Park as I gotten a meet and greet with this bighorn sheep that came right up to me.....
September 2011 - Maligne Lake Road - bighorn sheep :
I would not try to drive to Haines Alaska upon a 16 day window from NorCal as although Haines is certainly worth visiting as I have done so in June 1994 and September 2015, it ain't got nothing in comparison to the Canadian Rockies that are far more strategically closer for the OP's location and has certainly much more to offer, as well as every one else mentioning there can be delays in road conditions or weather etc. to slow down a traveler on a tight schedule in the far north roads of North America which us Alaskans, Yukoners, Northwest Territoriers, Northern BC'ers can easily attest to year round.
Another option worth suggesting if the OP does visit the Canadian Rockies is that when starting to head back south - drive the Icefields Parkway again back to Lake Louise and head to Castle Mountain which is also the junction of BC 93 which takes you thru Kootenay National Park as you will make easy driving time on that stretch of road as well as BC 93 and 95 at Radium Hot Springs on south....and will still cover good ground and time on BC 3 along Cranbrook and Yawk and cross back into the US at Eastport Idaho on US 95 and connect to other various routes heading west back towards the I-5 corridor...
Or take other routes outside of Jasper in order to head back south as Trans Canada Highway 16 from Jasper to Prince George is a great stretch of roadway too and you can make good time on it.....if one does go this route headed west, don't forget to look behind you upon a few miles into BC if it's a clear day to see Mount Robson....
September 2011 - Mount Robson :
As SideHillSoup posted, fair warning about the Canadian Rockies in the Banff and Jasper areas about being a real busy place by visitors is no lie....many campgrounds are full as many RV'ers will resort to the overflow designated areas...
If in or near the Banff area, one might see if they can stay at nearby Canmore if there are no campsites available and it would be less of a hassle to stay at Canmore during the peak summer season anyway...I always enjoy stopping in Canmore for that matter.
I only visited the area three consecutive years in September 2011, 2012, and 2013 because of my line of work I cannot have mid summer off but it does work out as not being so busy in the Canadian Rocky region of Canada (but actually is still busy enough during that time of year too which crowds do not bother me most of the time except in the Kenai Peninsula area where I have never taken my camper at to this day although I been there two dozen times)....
Hope this post gives the OP a better idea on planning as there are still many options of routes to tweak with here and there on their desired decision on where they tend to travel if they take on the area for their 16 day vacation getaway......I can see 6 to 7 days in the Canadian Rockies easily with little to no constraint while enjoying the travel in between on a 16 day vacation from NoCal.
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