Hi,
Don't throw off that rooftop shroud so quickly, if there is a bee hive inside the A/C unit keeping the fan from turning, you might get stung. ..
You might also have a bad capacitor. Google bad capacitor, and you might get a picture of a capacitor that has 'popped' and the center is no longer the way a new one looks. Or it might be shorted internally, but still look OK. A new capacitor will cost around $15, so might as well replace it.
DO NOT run the compressor without the fan running. You are probably lucky that the compressor shut off on it's internal 12 amp overload once it had reached extreme high pressure, before any damage started. The fan MUST run to get rid of the heat from the freon outdoor coil.
Good luck,
Fred.