We've been asked 3 times at most entering the US to show our vaccine for rabies and not anything else. If you ever want to leave your dog at a doggie daycare in Canada or US, you'll need show the rest of the vaccinations, esp. kennel cough.
After many years of going back & forth across the border, we have never even once been asked about vaccination papers for our dog back into Canada. Same with dog food.
When taking dog food into the US, their rules are quite strict and you could end up in hot water if not careful. You should go to the appropriate US gov't website for the latest up to date info. as things can change. Used to be bags had to be unopened but that's okay now as long as it's in the original bag. Some types of dog food with meat are banned like lamb & goat. Only pet food manufactured in the US or Canada is allowed. We take bags of dry salmon & tuna into the US, opened and unopened all the time and they're fine with it. We never even take any kind of meat, fruit or veggies for us into the US just to be sure.
Note that when you cross the border into the US and they ask you if you have anything to declare, you should tell them if you have dog food and what's in it.
If I understand it right, you have a concern about a long ferry trip? I would not use a crate unless the dog has been crate trained beforehand. You might talk to your vet and see if there is a tranquilizer you can get. We've used a part tablet of Gravol a couple of times to keep him calm and/or asleep at night (long forgotten why).