After languishing for around a century, battery technology is exploding these days, driven by a combination of automotive, consumer electronics, and solar/wind renewable technologies that suddenly need batteries better than good old dry cell and flooded lead/acid.
Lithium ion (and other lithium chemistries) suffer from several problems, among them the relative rarity of lithium on this planet. Among the likely breakthroughs for batteries in the next few years are both solid state and alternate metal technologies.
In fact, there are solid state batteries already on the market . . . in the form of a battery the size of a fingernail used for certain very small, low drain electronic applications. Toyota has announced they will start building cars with solid state batteries next year (following long standing tradition in the IT business, we call these cars "vaporware" until we find them in the store and actually for sale).