The trailer 12v stuff will work without a battery on board if you are plugged in so the converter will run the 12v stuff. The OP was not plugged into 120v shore power.
The 7-pin should run everything when the Ford truck engine is running. (It will run with a Chev even if the engine is not running. Not a clue about a Dodge.)
So why did it work later, but not at first?
A. You have a poor connection in the 7-pin and moving the rig wiggled it to make it work.
B. Maybe that grounding idea, but seems dubious.
Here is a typical 7-pin set-up for example.