I forget why, but high SG batts like golf car ones don't like floating very much. UPS batts are lower SG and don't mind the long-term float. I think this might relate to this situation.
When very cold, the electrolyte volume is less and density higher. This might explain observed SGs and voltages but don't know enough to say for sure.
What might happen, with the more dense electrolyte even though that makes the bobber float higher when taking readings, so SG reads more, is stratification.
What if the very cold electrolyte being "heavier" has more stratification than usual so your hydrometer only sees the "thinner" top part and gives a lower reading than it should. Would that explain anything observed? Then you charged (mixed) them so your SGs are closer to the truth? Some where in between?
I don't have a clue, just tossing random stuff in here.
Have to laugh at all these cold weather concerns. (Tee hee) Had to cut the lawn today. The daffs are out, etc. :)