Chicago is known for potholes that eat cars. Houston & Atlanta don't have the weather extremes that Chicago does, which contributes to potholes. (Idaho has its share by springtime too - same reason, i.e. weather extremes.)
To avoid 80/90/94, you'll have to duck pretty far south below Chicago, which won't save you any time, but may save some aggravation. I would venture to say that east-west secondary roads east of I-65 in Indiana probably won't be any worse than what STBRetired has encountered west of that. If you don't mind a longer country drive, this could be a good option. I do not advise US 30, though - go farther south.