The circuit boards runs on anywhere, depending on the design, from 3 volts to 9 volts and most in the mid range. It has always seemed to me that the problem is the RV industry ( and vendor to them) is the problem. They won't build a power supply like your laptop has, the size of a half a pack of cigarettes, that handles any voltage.
I will try to give a very basic explanation - non technical.
As you state - a laptop runs on very low voltage - it is also DC voltage and not AC voltage - though you do plug it into an AC source - so low voltage requires only a very small power supply - and these laptops do not require much in the way of amps - the laptop I am using at the moment says between 3 to 5 amps on the bottom - of DC voltage - not AC.
A power supply that is sensitive to voltage fluctuations can be expensive - and big - and heavy - which adds cost and weight to the device.
You can get a UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) with AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation) to protect electronic equipment such as computers - to protect things like TV - DVD player - stereo - and other more sensitive equipment - some refrigerators need their circuit boards protected. But most UPS will not provide a lot of power for more than a few devices. In Puerto Rico where we had very bad power I think I had about 4 UPS with one just for the fridge.
Each of these UPS units contains circuitry and a battery to provide back up power. The circuitry can convert DC to AC to power devices requiring AC from the DC battery. They are not cheap or light or small.
The more power you need the more equipment you need and the bigger it gets and the more expensive it gets.
In the US (for the most part) all we need is a surge protector. In Mexico we need voltage regulators because of inconsistent voltage.
I am aware that CFE puts out 127 VAC and this is fine. The problem is many of the RV parks are old with inadequate wiring and even in the newer parks the wiring was done by someone who does not know about polarity or ground. The result is we may find we need more protection in Mexico than in the US and since the RV industry builds for the US market they do not take into account those who travel to Mexico. So we need to install additional equipment if we plan to visit Mexico. Not everyone does. Not everyone thinks they need it. And many get away without it.
It all depends on where in Mexico you travel and which RV parks you stay in. Most of the reasons have been stated in the thread above. Inadequate wiring in RV parks means if more than a few RVs are using very much power the voltage in the park will drop - and if someone turns off an appliance that draws a lot of power the voltage in the park may spike. Many reasons - not blaming CFE - and there are certainly parks with OK wiring - but many parks have very bad wiring. Even new parks can have bad wiring because they do not use real electricians to do the wiring.