There's the Cascade Lakes area between the pass and Bend. Some of these lakes are dammed by lava flows.
There's a covered bridge in West Fir, just off the highway at Oak Ridge.
I'd recommend getting an Oregon recreation map. A good one should have state parks, forest service campgrounds, lakes, mountains, geological sights, hot springs, water falls, etc marked. Maybe even get a map atlas (DeLourme or Benchmark).
There are also books (and online resources) for waterfalls, campgrounds, and hiking trails.