"Central CO" is a huge area. A little more specificity would help.
In the Fairplay area, there is
Jefferson Creek.
Soutwest of Leadville, Twin Lakes. They get busy, so you may not want them.
South of Carbondale, there is the Redstone area, and Marble. Campgrounds in both of those areas.
Look at GoogleEarth, turn on the More>Parks & Recreation>USDA Forest Service>Campsites, and >National Forest Boundaries, and you can find many campgrounds. Look at some of the pics posted near the campgrounds, and you can normally find the name of the campground.
Good luck!