I used to be in the business of advising folks about domicile/residency. The differences between states are great and I haven't kept up for several years. It's best if you maintain an address in the state you believe and intend to be your legal domicile. Register to vote, have its driver's license, pay taxes, have professional connections, even a library card, all of which can help prove your domicile if questioned.
Under the circumstances you provide, your employment taxing state needs to be established up front. Perhaps the human resources department (except as noted below) of your employer at the moment can assist or send you in the right direction. One thing that is important in domicile is your intent. For example, do you intend to be a resident of state A, but work temporarily in state B with no intent to reside in state B for more than C days, and be able to prove it? You will definitely have to check out each state's domicile requirements. When I recently moved to FL from VA, I found FL's requirements online rather easily.
Quick story about how things can get screwed up. I changed jobs within the US govt. in 2010 while I was a resident of VA. Some knucklehead human resources person coded my state tax withholding to go to MA. I only discovered it after over $4,000 was sent to MA. I just received last week a check from MA for the full amount. MA is very aggressive about collecting their taxes and insisted I earned wages there in 2010 (I haven't been in MA for over 30 years). The amount of paperwork and evidence I had to provide MA was extensive and at one point I though the money was gone for good. The moral of the story is to always ensure you line up everything up front so you never, ever get into a situation as did I.
