Around here the best way to avoid bears seems to be to keep making noise as you walk. Once the spring vegetation gets sprung, there are lots of places where neither you nor the bear can see 15' ahead on trail.
That led to my closest black bear encounter. I was going quietly downhill as he was coming uphill from a night probably spent raiding trash cans. We came to a spot where the trail snaked between two big trees at the same time, froze, and had a brief staring contest. Then he "woof'd" and took off into the underbrush. Since then, I carry a 4' aluminum pipe about 1.5" in diameter. I tap it on rocks as I go. I also carry a small stadium horn, and a can of pepper spray, more for dogs. Too dam' many folks think the on-trail leash laws don't apply to them.
The spray & horn are also my 1st-line of defense in the camper, along with a very intense green astronomical laser pointer. Beyond that is a Kabar and a .45.
Jim, "Feng shui: an ancient oriental art for extracting money from the gullible."