Virginia does, only it is not AT THE PUMP.
Virginia taxes all diesel fuel (save off-road, of course) the heavy truck rate at all pumps. But there is a rebate available to drivers of diesel vehicles weighing less than 8,500 lbs (don't quote me on that exact weight), meaning diesel cars, SUVs, and pickups. But to get it, you have to pay it, save the receipts, and fill out an application online. And yes, the plan was to make it enough of a pain in the butt to where most folks eligible for it either don't know about it or don't bother to apply for it.
After all that, and a couple months wait, they will send you a check for the (approximately) 10 cents a gallon difference between the heavy diesel tax rate and the light weight diesel rate.
And yes, with 3 qualifying vehicles in the family, we jump through those hoops. My last check from the state was about $45, almost enough to buy another tankful.