There is no doubt that the diesel engines are running cleaner now, because of low sulfur fuel and because of the DEF to reduce emissions. In fact, according to the EPA, the lower sulfur diesel fuel has been so successful that, starting in 2017, the EPA is setting standards to reduce the sulfur content in gasoline. Of course the cost of gasoline will increase, just as the price of diesel increased, as the refinement costs increases.
I do not remember reading that the truck drivers are complaining about getting less mileage from the newer fuels or from the DEF.
It is a fact that the ethanol fuels produce lower fuel mileage with the gasoline powered vehicles. It is just a guess as to what will happen to fuel mileage in gasoline powered vehicles with ethanol and the lower sulfur fuels after 2017.
2017 EPA requirements