Laptop: Old term for a computer that could be held on your lap without injury
Notebook: New term for what used to be called a laptop:These computer generate a lot of heat and if you hold them on your lap, without first putting on asbestos trousers. You can get a very nasty burn, several people have, hence the name change. The trouser comment is a joke,
Netbook: Small notebook, generally a smaller screen, less memory et-al.
Chrome book. RUns the Google Chrome operating system instead of Windows
Thinkpad: Specific brand of Notebook/Lapto computers.
Now the operating Windows a,b,c,d 10
Windows 10 is the currently supported version of Windows, Microsoft is illegally dropping support for older versions. So go with 10 if you need windowsw.
If all you need is Internet access, Reading and replying to E-mail, Forum posts, and Researching which Widget to buy..; Chrome books are designed for that and cost less.
I recommend an alternate "Office" application.. Such as Open Office, over the high priced Microsoft product if you go with a windows box.
I also recommend Web Mail over client (Outlook or outlook express) mail For one thing you can access on any computer device, including your smart phone, and it's always synced, for another most web mail providers do a fairly good job of blocking malware before you see it.. (I tried once, got to about the 10th "Are you really really really sure you want to do this" prompt and gave up).