I suspect the panel referred to there is a gauge panel that probably also has meters that show the (supposed) level of water/waste in the various tanks, maybe propane levels, etc. You press a button or switch on it that is apparently labeled battery to connect the 12V system to a meter, and turn on a light to give some sort of a load to the battery.
A dedicated voltmeter (or just a multimeter on the battery terminals) will most likely be more accurate and precise; definitely so if the meter is a little bargraph of three or four lights. If it's a mechanical meter with a needle, you may be able to work out a reasonably good calibration depending on the exact setup and meter range/movement.
The converter is most commonly located on or very close to the AC/DC distribution panel, but that's not always the case. It may be nowhere particularly near it or the battery. Often with older converters you can hear them humming more or less when you're connected to shore power (due to the large transformer in the older units).