I'll ask a rhetoric question that most all designers 'should' know
How much margin do you folks want for your components and systems ?
Do you think the OEMs who provided those components and systems dialed in
design margin and 'should' you then assume that it is okay to go into that
via an over load?
The OEMs have labels and published specifications for their products. Both
mandated by Federal laws and by their (OEM) lawyers for a reason
The member who had a shop check to find that the axles were over their ratings
and therefore bent elastically to wear out tires prematurely is a prime example
of 'can do it without breaking' and what can happen when going over the ratings
The misunderstands, misconceptions, poor Internet advice, etc frightens me as
a designer and engineering manager/owner. IMHO, OEMs depend on this ignorance
to sell more than one...they will come back to buy another, bigger after finding
that they have too small, or didn't like that experience...etc
This thread is the first time I've heard of a trailer label not
matching the axle label and think criminal of that OEM
That GAWR label number for that axle has another ratings besides carry
weight rating...it has brakes sized (plus margin) for that labeled GAWR
There is another attribute and is longevity of service
Directly answering the OP's question: "the label number is the reference
number to use in discussion"...you have 5,200 pound RATED axles (AKA GAWR)