Simply stated, without the details in the rat-holes...
If it takes 150 HP to move our TV & Trailer 65 MPH. No head wind, flat, etc...then chose a gear that will keep the ICE RPMs at that 150HP range

That is at a constant speed with no headwind, flats, etc
From a dead stop accelerating up to that speed, it will take more HP and dependent on how quickly you wish to get to that 75MPH
Say it will take 300 HP to get it going and accelerate at the rate you wish. Then you must keep the ICE spinning at whatever RPM necessary to keep it at 300 HP. That is what gearing is for and once 75MPH attained, you will need less HP and again, gearing to drop the ICE RPMs down to 150HP
If you wish to accelerate quicker and/or cruise at a higher speed, then match the HP required to the RPMs that ICE's curve says it will need to get you that HP
Makes no matter gasoline or diesel...the difference is that one has more BTU's per unit measure and does the job a bit differently.
Again, why the close ratio gear boxes with more gears helps in this regard...keeping the ICE in the good portion of the HP/Torque curves