To simplify...
Camper has 2 electrical systems
110V AC.....shore power or generator supplies AC power (Air Cond., microwave, outlets, electric heat elements in fridge/water heater)
12V DC ....supplied by battery (lights, furnace, control circuits for fridge/water heater, amplifier for TV antenna)
A AC to DC 'converter' helps supply DC power demands AND recharges battery when plugged into AC power source.
A DC to AC 'inverter' will pull DC power from battery and inverter it into AC power to feed some AC items....limited by size of battery. Campers rarely have these unless installed aftermarket.
The 12V DC system and propane are what makes a camper 'self-contained'.
You can cook, have lights, heat water, run fridge and furnace with DC & propane.
The 110V AC is for the 'luxury' items........