I think you have an alternator problem if it will not hold better than 11.7 volts. As a tech I work on the obvious problem first. The rest may be misleading.
I don't think I gleaned the IR drop of your jumper cables. And what is the condition of the cables? Just a tiny bit of resistance will throw off the results. If the cables are acting like a resistor then your engine battery thinks the voltage has been reached and the alternator will cut back.
Pull the battery you want to charge or park close so you can use a short set up jumper cables. Your loose battery needs to be run down a bit to do a decent test. Measure the voltage on your truck battery and the loose one. Then measure the current as well.
Your truck battery should have no problem holding up with the alternator.