Almost 50 years ago, I worked installing/testing batteries at Sears. At that time, they were the largest retail seller of automotive batteries. They did offer free testing, but a lot of folks just bought a new battery the first cold day when the engine did not start. We rarely used a hydrometer, but the test we did quickly sorted out bad cells.
The battery was removed from the car. Terminals were cleaned and it was placed on a high current charger for about 5 minutes (I don't recall the charge rate, but liquid was boiling after 5 minutes !). Then a simple volt meter with sacrificial probes (not sure what the were made of) was used to test the voltage between each cell. Dead/weak cells were easily detected, by having >10% cell-to-cell difference. A "good" battery would have 2.1V-2.2V per cell.
Cleaning the terminals and post when installing/re-installing a battery made a big difference.
Does any one know where to buy those sacrificial probes ?