Microwave ovens are relatively dangerous to work on. The power supply for the magnetron is capable of supplying a few thousand volts at significant currents—certainly enough to be lethal. The high voltage capacitors are typically wired with some sort of a bleeder to discharge them when the oven is off, but especially with an oven that's known to be having some difficulties it's quite unwise to rely on that. That's not to say that one cannot repair one's oven safely—just that it's vitally important to have a little bit of information and exercise due caution.
There are a few things that commonly cause the main fuse in the oven to blow: door safety switch problems (either from the door getting misaligned, junk building up on the switch, or the switch itself going bad), a shorted magnetron, and just plain old age of the fuse. If a replacement of it makes the oven work, it's probably the last one on the list.
There's a quite comprehensive and understandable guide to microwave oven repair including good safety information
here.