I think I would get a bulb with two wires on it, and put one end into the trucks ground feed, then go around the trucks various wires to see if they have power on them when they are supposed to.
If that works, then take short pieces of wire and instead of plugging in the two connectors, run a ground wire from the truck plug to the same plug on the trailer, and then try each light filament again.
With your battery test you proved that the ground is good and the wiring is good on the trailer, but you did not prove that the ground connection between the truck and trailer is good.