For tree branch protection, perhaps you can use something like chicken wire fencing over them supported by a light wooden frame of some sort? Or a better version of that. Not much shading would happen with that anyway.
Our Dometic air conditioner shroud has no back wire grate covering, so the fins of the a/c were getting bent with tree branches. (you need a "fin comb" to fix them I am told) I saw some trailers with the same shroud but with an extra wire grating to protect the fins so I got some of that at Home Depot and snipped to size and added that to the back of the shroud.
So I am wondering if the same idea could be applied to your solar panels.