Fuses, as well as breakers, have both a current rating and a voltage rating. If you're wiring panels in series be sure you don't exceed the voltage rating of the fuse.
However, as has been said, if you have only one or two parallel strings of panels no fuse is necessary. A short won't harm anything. You can short a panel's output together forever and it won't be damaged.
You MUST have a fuse between the battery and charge controller. A short here will cause hundreds of amps of battery current to flow and likely start a fire.