Diesels need 2 things to run. Fuel and compression. You have fuel ( evidenced by the white smoke) which is uncombusted fuel Glo plugs provide 'temporary heat' in the combustion chamber or pre chamber to 'pop' that fuel to get the motor running.
You have the fuel, thats not an issue but you don't have the pop so I believe it's a glo plug issue because you stated, once it gets started and you shut it off, it restarts fine (because the cylinders are warmed enough to pop the fuel that is compressed then.
Not familiar with that engine but I bet it's the glo plug controller or associated circuits that are at fault. It's not compression related or it would not start easily when warm.