Another lesson here in not relying on the color of wire to determine where it is connected and what it does. A hand held multimeter should be in every RV'ers tool box. It will determine which wires are connected to ground/frame, immediately, without guesswork or having to make a trip to the store to replace fuses.
Conventionally, White is negative/ground and Black is positive/voltage to 12 V circuits.
A spark may happen when connecting in the way that the OP proceeded. It does not mean the connections are reversed. There are probably a few 12 V devices inside the trailer that are always on, the radio in stand by, the alarms, and the circuit boards for furnace and water heater (if those are switched to on).