The battery has NOTHING, whatsoever, to do with the 120v wall outlets.
Removing the battery and hooking the positive and negative wires together WILL give the converter/charger a direct short and blow the fuses. Hopefully, that is all it will do. If you are lucky.
Removing the battery, and NOT hooking the positive and negative wires together, is OK, maybe. (Be sure the positive wire is isolated and not touching ANYTHING.) It depends on which converter/charger you have. Some of them require a battery in the circuit, and some do not.