Cummins does give FCA a warranty on every engine just like they do with all of their medium/heavy duty customers. In the light duty world, the vehicle manufacturer is the middle man for the warranty. Basically Cummins gives FCA the warranty who then gives their version of it to the end user. This is done on purpose because it forces the customer to only go to that manufacturer's dealer and FCA can put their own stipulations on the warranty.
In the heavy duty world, the warranty is between the end user and Cummins so the manufacturer is not a middle man and cannot alter the warranty given by Cummins. Also, all of the manufacturers offer Cummins engines in their trucks so you can go to any certified dealer or even a Cummins distributor for a Cummins warranty even if it is not a dealership for the truck make.
Another main reason light duty manufacturers are the middle man is because the they use their own ECM's for the engine with unique programming for their vehicle while the medium/heavy duty trucks use the ECM and programming from Cummins. Basically, you can't use Ford's Oasis or Cummins' Insight software to access and change calibrations in a Ram ECM, but if you have Cummins Insight then you can access any Cummins engine ECM regardless of make in medium/heavy duty trucks.