The short and "KISS" answer to what DEF is comprised of...again, just basic information on composition of DEF.
"What is DEF
What is Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Definition: A specific composition of urea for application in transportation to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted into the air by diesel engines. DEF is a high purity chemical, comprised of 32.5% urea and 67.5% de-ionized water.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid is produced to an international standard (ISO 22241). In order to meet the 2010 EPA Diesel Emission Standards to reduce the amount of NOx emitted by diesel engines, several engine manufactures employed Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) as an after-treatment technology combined with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)."